Dismemberment Tweaks is a mod by Zebumper that allows you to customize which weapons are able to cause dismemberments/limb explosions. It contains a basic INI file, which I have expanded on here. You'll need the original mod (which you can find here: https://www.nexusmods.com/newvegas/mods/74798) in order to use this.

A basic rundown:
Unarmed and melee weapons, by default, can't dismember or explode limbs. Weapons like swords, cosmic knives, and Rippers are able to dismember; weapons like sledgehammers, rebar clubs, and Super Sledges can explode limbs; a few weapons like chainsaws and fire axes can do either.
Guns, by default, can explode limbs but not dismember. A handful of guns, such as miniguns and nail guns, can do either; some small guns like 9mm pistols and varmint rifles, can do neither.
When it comes to energy weapons: laser weapons can dismember, plasma and Gauss weapons can explode limbs, and flamers can't do either.
Explosives, for the most part, can either explode or dismember limbs.

Any feedback is appreciated. If I missed a weapon, or if you disagree with how I classified one, feel free to let me know.

Do NOT use a mod manager. I'm currently having a bizarre issue with MO2 (haven't tested it with Vortex, so I guess maybe it could work there) where it removes all the folders and puts the INI file in a place where it doesn't do anything. Find the location of your Dismemberment Tweaks mod and manually overwrite the INI with the one found in here. If you have any help here, please tell me. I would much prefer to have it work with mod managers.