Main goals:

* To improve immersion with names from every country represented in-game.
* To correct some of the original naming mistakes.
* To provide a larger pool of available names and avoid repetition between campaigns.
* To help players who have trouble coming up with names for soldiers.
* To add more realistic options for those into roleplaying.

Features:

* Revamped name lists with thousands of new and more accurate names and surnames.
* Popular names from the 70s, 80s and 90s included (when sources available) to account for soldiers' ages in 2015/2016. 
* Different transliterations of names included for variety.
* Diacritical marks included for more authentic national identities. Note: Several special characters aren't supported by the English version of XCOM EW. Those were replaced by the corresponding letters in the Latin alphabet to avoid invalid entries. 

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LATEST UPDATE: 

Vanilla & LW (July 10, 2015 - Final): v2.0 was supposed to be final but two major corrections were necessary.
ENL [LW] final should work with all future versions of Long War (including its final release). 

* Old Irish Gaelic surnames replaced with their modern anglicized versions -- thousands of surnames added.
* [Vanilla] Spanish soldiers will now be pulling names from correct array (Es).
* Light revision and fixes made across the board. 

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Instructions: 

* XCOM Enemy Unknown: Download the Vanilla version and extract to Steam/SteamApps/common/XCom-Enemy-Unknown/XComGame/Config, overwriting the original DefaultNameList.ini.
* XCOM Enemy Within: Download the Vanilla version and extract to Steam/SteamApps/common/XCom-Enemy-Unknown/XEW/XComGame/Config, overwriting the original DefaultNameList.ini.
* XCOM Long War: Download the LW version and extract to Steam/SteamApps/common/XCom-Enemy-Unknown/XEW/XComGame/Config, overwriting the original DefaultNameList.ini. 

Notes:

* Notepad++ recommended.
* Be sure to save within Unicode encoding when making changes to the text file as to retain all the special characters.
* Every time the game is updated, either through Steam or by installing a new version of Long War, you'll have to replace the original DefaultNameList.ini (see instructions) with this modified list to keep using it.

Uninstalling:

Simply go to your Steam Library, right-click XCOM Enemy Unknown, choose Properties, Local Files tab, then Verify Integrity of Game Cache. This will return the original DefaultNameList.ini to your XCOM Config directory and remove this list. Please note this returns the game to its "vanilla" state, which means any other custom modification will also be removed.

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FAQ:

Q: Why did you repeat some of the Asian countries' surnames?
A: Because of very common surnames and weighting purposes. By repeating those surnames the name generator is more likely to pick them.

Q: Why does my soldier have a silly name (e.g. Morgan Morgan)?
A: Several names are both forenames and surnames so there is a very slim chance the name generator will work that way. This should rarely happen though.

Q: [LW] Is it compatible with Long War latest version?
A: Yes, it is compatible with LW B15 and later versions.

Q: [LW] Will it conflict with new Long War updates?
A: No, because only the DNL.ini is changed, which can be safely overwritten after LW is updated. No INT files were modified either.

Q: [LW] Sometimes I get names with square-shaped characters in the tactical game, what's up with that?
A: For some reason certain characters and diacritical marks aren't recognized in the tactical game but they are still displayed correctly in the strategic game (mission control, debrief, barracks). If that bothers you too much, you can always rename the specific soldier and manually replace the diacritic (e.g. ž by z or zh). 

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Acknowledgments:

Thanks to JohnnyLump and Part Time Commie for bringing more naming customization tools to the table, and the Long War crew for a whole new gameplay experience of the original XCOM EU/EW.

The LW version of the name list is distributed in accordance with the following LW policy:
* You have unrestricted permission to distribute alternate ini files for players to install.

See permission & credits.