Available vendor kiosks are as follows, also allows you to craft and place faction bounty boards onto your ship. 

New Atlantis
Jemison Mercantile - Amoli Bava x
Reliant Medical - Dr. Alexei Lebedev x
Eit Clothiers - Farad Kallob x
Centaurian Arsenal - Anya Griffon x
Outland - Cornelius Townard x
UC Surplus - Antonio Bianchi  x
Trade Authority - Zoe Kaminski 
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Neon
Siegharts Outfitters - Dietrich Sieghart x
Reliant Medical - Dr. Joseph Manning x
Trade Authority - Kolman Lang x
Neon Tactical - Frank Renick x
Newills Goods - James Newill x
Arboron - Ken Bright x
Ryujin - Aito Suzuki 
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Akila City
Shepherds General Store - Emerson Shepherd x
Rowland Arms - Belle Rowland x
Trade Authority - Duncan Lynch x
Laredo Firearms - Reisha Lance x
Sinclairs Books - Ahnjong Sinclair x
Hitchin Post - Jaden Ross x
Midtown Minerals - Alejandra Kane x
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Update 2.0!
Changed the models to be more reflective of their factions. 

Cydonia
Trade Authority - Manaaki Almonte x
Reliant Medical - DR. Charlie Flynn x
Ux Exchange - Denis Averin x
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Crimson Fleet
Ship Services - Jasmine Durand x
TK's Tactical Gear - Taryn Kallis x
Crimson Fleet Weapons - Aludra Tahan x
Crimson Fleet General Store - Isra Liskova x
Zuri's Essentials - Zuri Abara x
Crimson Fleet Clinic - Samira Mizrah x
Trade Authority - Radley Jaso
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Titan
Store - Jae Montreal
Clinic - Dr. Guiliana Lakota
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The Den
Trade Authority - Marcel Duris
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Hopetown
Best Defense - Carlos Shenton
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New in 3.0!
DLC Support in a separate patch!

New Atlantis
Apex Electronics - Henrik Zuran
The Well Medbay - Talia O' Shea
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Gagarin
Clints - Clint De Haven
Clinic - Dr. Pauline Keala
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Neon
The Emporium - Tevin Anastas
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Optional Varuun Kai Patch
Depository - Nalada Brandi
Goods Exchange - Makola Jubav
Keep Armory - Marlana Volav
Halls of Healing - Hanton Irana
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New in 4.0! 
Janes Goods - Jane Weller
She had two different chest for her shop so I made a kiosk for both. 
Craftable bounty board.

I'm afraid without knowing the exact npc tied to random ship trading encounter vendors I can't make kiosks for them.