Talkative Dragon Priests is conditioned on the DragonPriestRace, which Humanoid Dragon Priests replaces with DragonPriestHumanoid. There is no record conflict, but the two files are technically incompatible because the conditions for Talkative will never be fulfilled by the races in Humanoid.
I think the patch has the wrong FormIDs - mihaildialoguedragonpriestnew_death in the source mod has FormID FExxx801, but in your mod it's trying to edit FormID FExxx902.
Correction: The record IDs are different in the ESL-flagged version specifically, therefore the patch only works for the ESP version.
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Correction: The record IDs are different in the ESL-flagged version specifically, therefore the patch only works for the ESP version.