A: See Known Issues. Those items were generated prior to loading VIS and their names need to be regenerated to update. The best workaround is to do the "Store in Workshop" method:
1) Drop the item on the ground within your settlement
2) Enter settlement build mode
3) Store the item in the workshop from build mode
4) When you retrieve the item from the workshop the name should be updated.

A: Assuming you've already tried the "Store in Workshop" trick, then you have another mod loaded that is modifying the item and removing the VISKeyword necessary for dynamic naming rules. The conflicting mod will need a patch for VIS to add back the VISKeyword. (see Guide here)

A: Assuming the item(s) in question have the VIS tag without DEF_UI or FallUI, then the problem is either with your DEF_UI/FallUI installation or you overwrote the .xml configuration files with another mod. Make sure that the .xml configuration files that come with VIS are the ones you are using, not the version that comes with DEF_UI. For DEF_UI, during install choose the option "I already have sorting files" and make sure to select a DEF_UI tags option during VIS install.

A: This is actually an engine bug, not related to a specific mod. This happens when the mods recorded in the saved game don't match what mods are loaded in the game. If mods are missing, the game should prompt you with a dialog that content is missing and asking if you want to load anyway. However, sometimes instead of displaying the prompt, it instead crashes.

One solution is to reload whatever mods were loaded in the saved game and disable them one at a time. Disable one mod, load the saved game, save it, then disable another and repeat.

Another solution is to use Fallout 4 Saved Game Editor (F4SGE) to remove the references to the mods you no longer have loaded.

A third solution pointed out by BigAndFlabby is to find your saved game file in your Documents folder. Once you've found the file for your saved game you are trying to load, record the name of the file. It will be something like: Save230_8DCE7E74_4173756E61_Commonwealth_081203_20160113065710_58_2 (don't include the .fos extention). Now launch the game and on the main menu, instead of using the menu to load your saved game, open the console (default key is backtick [`] key usually just left of the 1 key). In the console type the following command:

load <NameOfSaveFile>

Where NameOfSaveFile is the file name you recorded above. This will load that save bypassing the check for missing content which is what potentially causes the crash. Once your save if loaded, resave the game. This new save will have the mods you currently have loaded registered in it and can then be safely loaded from the main menu normally.

This typically happens with a bad installation of DEF_UI:

1) Uninstall DEF_UI
2) Uninstall VIS
3) Reinstall DEF_UI. Do not install the components tags option and select the option that you already have a tags file from your mod.
4) Reinstall VIS and make sure to select the DEF_INV tags option. If prompted to overwrite any files from DEF_UI, say Yes.